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目的了解甲型H1N1流感(甲流)大流行前后福建省人群甲流血清流行病学特征。方法采集2008年甲流流行前血清标本800例和2010年1-4月甲流流行后不同地区血清标本1250例,以血凝抑制试验方法(HI)检测血清HI抗体。结果甲流流行后人群HI抗体≥1∶10和≥1∶40的阳性率分别从流行前的6.5%和0.63%上升为52.72%和36.24%(P<0.01),HI抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)从5.39上升为18.26(P<0.01)。流行后各年龄组人群HI抗体都显著高于流行前,以6-17岁为最高,HI抗体≥1∶10和≥1∶40的阳性率及GMT分别达到74.02%、57.22%和38.15,显著高于其他年龄组(P<0.01)。男女性之间HI抗体差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。福州市人群HI抗体水平显著高于其他设区市。在接种甲流疫苗的人群中,HI抗体≥1∶10和≥1∶40的阳性率分别为83.84%和64.62%,GMT为46.62,分别显著高于未接种疫苗人群的32.72%,18%和7.48(P<0.01)。结论甲流流行后福建省人群HI抗体显著提高,已形成一定的免疫屏障,但应加强重点年龄组人群疫苗接种,防控甲流流行出现反弹。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Influenza A in Fujian before and after the Influenza A (H1N1) flu pandemic. Methods Serum samples were collected from 800 pre-epidemic influenza A cases in 2008 and 1250 serum samples from different areas after the epidemic of influenza A cases from January to April in 2010. Serum HI antibody was detected by HI test. Results The prevalence of HI antibody ≥1:10 and ≥1:40 in the population after the first influenza epidemic increased from 6.5% and 0.63% respectively before the epidemic to 52.72% and 36.24% respectively (P <0.01), and the geometric mean HI titer GMT) increased from 5.39 to 18.26 (P <0.01). The prevalence of HI antibody in each age group was significantly higher than that before the epidemic, with the highest in 6-17 years old, the positive rate of HI antibody≥1:10 and≥1:40 and the GMT reached74.02%, 57.22% and38.15 respectively Higher than other age groups (P <0.01). HI antibody between men and women was no significant difference (P> 0.05). HI antibody levels in Fuzhou population were significantly higher than those in other districts and cities. The positive rates of HI antibody ≥1:10 and ≥1:40 in the group vaccinated with H1N1 vaccine were 83.84% and 64.62%, respectively, and the GMT was 46.62, which were significantly higher than those of the non-vaccinated population (32.72%, 18% and 7.48 (P <0.01). Conclusion HI antibody in Fujian population has been significantly increased after the epidemic of Influenza A, and a certain immune barrier has been formed. However, vaccination should be strengthened in key age groups to prevent the recurrence of H1N1 influenza.