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本文对现代海洋以及海洋沉积物中四种来源的有机质(海水的可溶有机质,海雪和颗粒有机质,底质表面的生物席以及陆源输入的有机质)的形成机理和沉积规律进行了解析与归纳;介绍了当前海洋学所流行的观念,列举烃源岩生烃母质研究的部分实例,展示了寒武、奥陶、志留和二叠纪烃源岩中保存的显微与超显微有机组份(寒武系细菌状化石、可能的微微型疑源类以及寒武系与志留系的胞外聚合物、二叠系微微型浮游生物状化石)。可以认为粘土有机复合体,海雪、生物席和有机质的陆源输入是从源头上影响烃源岩发育的四大主要母质类型。它们的各自发育又受许多因素的控制。但是,在有机质沉积和埋葬过程中,我们总能发现微生物的身影。
This paper analyzes and summarizes the formation mechanism and sedimentation rules of four organic sources (saltwater soluble organic matter, sea snow and particulate organic matter, biomaterials on the substrate surface and organic matter input from terrestrial sources) in modern oceans and marine sediments The current concepts of oceanography are introduced, and some examples of hydrocarbon generation from hydrocarbon source rocks are listed. The microscopic and ultra-microscopic organic units preserved in Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Permian source rocks are shown (Cambrian bacterial fossils, possible pico-type suspects and Cambodian and Silurian extracellular polymers, Permian pico-planktonic fossils). It can be considered that the terrigenous input of clay organic complexes, sea snow, biological mats and organic matter are the four major parental types that influence the source rock development from the source. Their respective development is controlled by many factors. However, we can always find microbes in the process of organic deposition and burial.