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二尖瓣脱垂综合征(MVPS)是一良性而较常见的非特异性心脏疾病。Fernex(1958)、Reid(1961)、Barlow(1963)等早已有较详细的描述。在“正常”青年人群中的发病率较高,男性约为0.5%、女性约为6%。近年来应用左心室造影与超声心动图检查发现其发病率竟高达20%。多数病人并无临床症状,但不少病人仍可伴有胸痛、心悸、呼吸困难、疲乏与头昏目眩等不适,Litman 认为甚至可发生晕厥、精神神经症状。一般认为MVPS 是良性疾患,但该综合征仍有并发进行性二尖瓣反流、腱索自发性断裂,猝死(发生率约为0.2～1.6%)和细菌性心内膜炎(发生率约30%)等可能。本文主要对 MVPS 引起的局灶性脑缺血发作综述如下。
Mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MVPS) is a benign and common nonspecific heart disease. Fernex (1958), Reid (1961), Barlow (1963) and others have been described in more detail. The incidence is high among “normal” young people, which is about 0.5% for males and about 6% for females. In recent years, the application of left ventricular angiography and echocardiography examination found that the incidence was as high as 20%. Most patients have no clinical symptoms, but many patients may still be accompanied by chest pain, heart palpitations, dyspnea, fatigue and dizziness and other discomfort, Litman that even syncope may occur, neurotic symptoms. MVPS is generally considered a benign condition, but the syndrome is still complicated by progressive mitral regurgitation, spontaneous rupture of tendons, sudden death (incidence of about 0.2 to 1.6%) and bacterial endocarditis (incidence of about 30%) and so on. This article mainly on MVPS induced focal ischemic attack are summarized below.