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为探讨肾病综合征（肾病）和急性肾炎（肾炎）患儿可溶性白细胞介素2受体（sIL－2R）的改变及其临床意义。用间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测32例肾病，24例肾炎患儿及24例健康对照儿童血清及尿液sIL－2R浓度。结果（1）肾病的肾病期及肾炎急性期组血清及尿液sIL－2R浓度分别高于各自的缓解期和恢复期组（P＜0．05）和对照组（P＜0．01），而肾病缓解期及肾炎恢复期组血清及尿液sIL－2R浓度与对照组间差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。（2）肾病肾病期和肾炎急性期组尿液sIL－2R与血清sIL－2R浓度呈正相关（r分别为：0．5386和0．5483，P＜0．05）。结论：肾病肾病期和肾炎急性期患儿免疫应答能力降低，sIL－2R浓度升高可作为肾脏疾病活动指标之一。
To investigate the changes of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) in children with nephrotic syndrome (nephropathy) and acute nephritis (nephritis) and its clinical significance. Serum and urine sIL-2R concentrations were measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 32 children with nephropathy, 24 children with nephritis and 24 healthy controls. Results (1) Serum and urine sIL-2R concentrations in nephropathy stage and nephritis acute stage were higher than those in remission stage and convalescent stage (P <0.05) and control group (P <0.01), respectively However, there was no significant difference between the serum and urine sIL-2R concentrations in the remission stage of nephropathy and nephritis convalescence stage and the control group (P> 0.05). (2) There was a positive correlation between urinary sIL-2R and serum sIL-2R in nephropathy stage and nephritis acute stage (r = 0.5386 and 0.5483 respectively, P <0.05). Conclusion: The immune response ability of children with nephropathy and acute nephritis is decreased. The increased sIL-2R may be used as one of the indicators of renal disease activity.