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海洋石油开发在世界范围内近年来发展很快。随着世界性能源危机的加剧，从事海洋石油开发的国家已越来越多。到1978年，约有八十多个国家以各种方式勘探和开发海洋石油。为适应复杂的海况条件，国内、外采用的海洋石油钻井装置一般分为固定式钻井平台、座底式钻井平台、自升式钻井平台和浮动式钻井装置（包括浮船和半潜式）四种。钻井作业时，为了使泥浆返回钻井平台以及起、下钻时使钻具能正确的导入井口，对于前三种钻井平台都需要有海水隔管，另外根据钻井工艺要求下入必要的套管，并在套管的顶部（即转盘底下）建立井口；对于浮动式钻井装置，由于受潮、
Offshore oil development in the world has developed rapidly in recent years. As the global energy crisis intensifies, there are more and more countries engaged in the development of offshore oil. By 1978, about 80 countries had explored and developed offshore oil in various ways. In order to meet the complex conditions of the sea conditions, offshore oil drilling devices used at home and abroad are generally divided into four types: fixed drilling platforms, bottom-mounted drilling platforms, jack-up drilling platforms and floating drilling devices (including floating vessels and semi-submersibles) . In drilling operation, in order to return the drilling mud to the drilling platform and to make the drilling tool correctly guide the drilling well, the first three kinds of drilling platforms are required to have the seawater separation pipelines, and the necessary casing pipes are required according to the drilling technology requirements. And the top of the casing (ie, under the turntable) to establish a wellhead; for floating drilling unit, due to moisture,