第二次世界大战结束以后 ,西方史学研究的理论和方法发生了根本性的转变。自 50年代起 ,美国史学界率先开始的新史学运动倡导结构—功能主义的历史研究方法 ,主张用系列数据研究人类社会中的各种传统的———不仅政治、军事和宗教的 ,而且经济、社会及普通民众日常生活的——— After the end of the Second World War, the theory and method of western historiography have undergone fundamental changes. Since the 1950s, the new historiography movement pioneered by the American historians has advocated a structure-functionalist approach to historical research advocating a series of data studies of the various traditions of human society-not only political, military, and religious, but also the economy , Social and ordinary people’s daily life ---