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19世纪中后期,为了遏制天花的蔓延,英国实行了强制免疫制度,通过立法手段强制国民接种天花疫苗。在有效降低天花危害的同时,强制免疫制度也在一定程度上对国民的个人自由构成了威胁,因而引起旷日持久的社会辩论。反对者充分利用公共舆论,掀起规模宏大的反强制免疫运动,要求政府尊重个人意愿。20世纪初,鉴于天花已得到有效控制,英国政府最终废除了强制免疫制度,允许民众根据个人意愿决定是否接种天花疫苗。这场辩论体现了英国强大的自由传统,也展示出英国社会善于妥协的政治模式。
In the mid-to-late 19th century, in order to curb the spread of smallpox, Britain imposed a system of compulsory immunization and imposed legislative restrictions on the vaccination of people against smallpox. While effectively reducing the harm caused by smallpox, the system of compulsory immunization also poses a threat to the personal freedom of the people to a certain extent, thus causing a protracted social debate. Opponents make full use of public opinion, setting off a grand anti-forcible immunization campaign and demanding that the government respect individual wishes. At the beginning of the 20th century, given the effective control of smallpox, the British government eventually abolished the mandatory immunization system and allowed people to decide whether or not to vaccinate smallpox at their own will. This debate reflects the strong British tradition of freedom and the political model in which British society is good at compromise.