借助有限元分析软件模拟了 316 L 不锈钢管的拉拔过程 ,比较了单道次拉拔与多道次拉拔对残余应力场的影响 ,发现在变形量相同的条件下 ,单道次拉拔引发的残余拉应力较小 ,且分布较均匀。通过比较变形区各方向应力场的异同 ,发现减少拉拔道次能明显降低拉拔管变形过程的不均匀性 ,有利于改善管材表面质量 ,减小残余应力。 The drawing process of 316L stainless steel tube was simulated by finite element analysis software. The effects of single-pass drawing and multi-pass drawing on residual stress field were compared. It was found that under the condition of the same deformation, single pass drawing Residual tensile stress caused by small, and more evenly distributed. By comparing the similarities and differences between the stress fields in different directions of the deformation zone, it is found that reducing the drawing pass can obviously reduce the nonuniformity of the drawing pipe deformation process, which is beneficial to improve the pipe surface quality and reduce the residual stress.