目的：为深入探讨云锡矿工肺癌高发的发病机理，找寻早期诊断的方法和理论依据。方法：应用免疫组化方法对云锡矿工肺癌41例（M组）、非云锡地区非矿工人群肺癌25例（NM组）和正常肺组织15例（C组）进行p53检测比较研究。数据用四格表确切概率法进行组间显著性测验。结果：发现p53阳性率M组为60．98％，NM组为36％，C组为几三组间差异有高度显著性（P＜0．0），M组与NM组亦有显著差异（P＜0．05），且M组与NM组间鳞癌的p53阳性存在显著差异（0．05＜P＜0．10）。结论：说明突变型p53在肺癌中发生频率高，云锡矿粉特殊性致癌因素可较多地导致p53突变，这也是云锡矿工肺癌中鳞癌多见的可能原因之一。肺癌周围增生支气管粘膜上皮和11型肺泡上皮出现p53阳性，提示增生上皮已有p53突变存在，值得引起注意。 Objective: To explore in depth the pathogenesis of high incidence of lung cancer in Yun tin miners, and to find methods and theoretical basis for early diagnosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical method was used to compare p53 detection in 41 cases of lung cancer among Yunxi miners (group M), 25 cases of non-mineral workers from non-mineral workers group (NM group) and 15 cases of normal lung tissues (group C). Data were tested for significance between groups using the four-table exact-probability method. RESULTS: The positive rate of p53 was 60.98% in M ​​group and 36% in NM group. There was a significant difference in C group between several groups (P<0.0). There was also a significant difference between M group and NM group (P<0.0). P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in p53 positive squamous cell carcinoma between group M and group NM (0.05