瑞典戏剧家和小说家斯特林堡被视为“表现主义的正宗先驱。”做为一位才情非凡的多产作家,他的创作手法不断改变,尤其在戏剧创作方面。斯特林堡早年是一位批判现实主义作家,他的创作被誉为瑞典批判现实主义的最高成就。之后,他又追随左拉的自然主义。1890年以后,一系列的个人不幸导致了他严重的精神危机,他的戏剧创作也由自然主义转向了表现主义。 Stirling, the Swedish dramatist and novelist, is considered “a true forerunner of expressionism.” Being a prolific writer with a talented personality, his methods of creation are constantly changing, especially in theater. In his early years, Strindberg was a critical realist writer whose work was hailed as the highest achievement of Swedish critical realism. Later, he followed Zola’s naturalism. After 1890, a series of individual misfortunes led to his serious mental crisis, and his dramatic writing shifted from naturalism to expressionism.