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目的了解天津市武清区5岁以下儿童死亡特点,探究儿童死亡的变化趋势与规律,为制定降低辖区5岁以下儿童死亡率和婴儿死亡率的卫生政策提供依据,并寻求相应的预防措施。方法监测2010~2012年辖区内5岁以下儿童死亡情况。结果天津市武清区5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降的趋势,从2010年的8.47‰下降至2012年的5.63‰。5岁以下儿童年龄越小死亡率越高。第一位死因为先天性心脏病,第二位死因2010和2012年为早产和低出生体重,2011年为意外窒息。第三位死因在这3年均不相同,分别为出生窒息和肺炎、早产和低出生体重、其他消化系病。结论降低新生儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键,切实做好围产期保健工作,落实出生缺陷的三级预防工作,加强产前筛查和孕产妇管理,预防早产、控制出生缺陷是今后工作的重点。
Objective To understand the characteristics of death among children under 5 years of age in Wuqing District of Tianjin and to explore the changing trends and laws of child death and to provide the basis for formulating health policies to reduce the mortality rate and infant mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in the area and to seek corresponding preventive measures. Methods To monitor the death of children under 5 years of age in the area from 2010 to 2012. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Wuqing District of Tianjin dropped year by year, from 8.47 ‰ in 2010 to 5.63 ‰ in 2012. Older children under 5 have the higher mortality rate. The first to die because of congenital heart disease, the second leading cause of preterm birth and low birth weight in 2010 and 2012, and an unexpected suffocation in 2011. The third cause of death in these three years are not the same, namely birth asphyxia and pneumonia, premature birth and low birth weight, other digestive diseases. Conclusions Decreasing the neonatal mortality rate is the key to reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age. To effectively carry out the work on perinatal health care, implement the tertiary prevention work on birth defects, strengthen prenatal screening and maternal management, prevent preterm birth and control birth Defects are the focus of future work.