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AIM: To analyze the hepatic and intestinal microcirculation in an animal model of liver cirrhosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to characterize the anti-inflammatory action of antithrombin Ⅲ (ATⅢ) on leukocyte kinetics and liver damage.METHODS: Hepatic and intestinal microcirculation was investigated by intravital videomicroscopy. Standardized models of experimental chronic liver cirrhosis and bowel inflammation were employed. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): controls, animals with cirrhosis,animals with cirrhosis and IBD, animals with cirrhosis and IBD treated with ATⅢ.RESULTS: Cirrhosis facilitated leukocyte rolling and sticking in hepatic sinusoids (1.91±0.28 sticker/μm vs0.5±0.5 sticker/μm in controls, P＜0.05). The effect enhanced in animals with cirrhosis and IBD (5.4±1.65sticker/μm), but reversed agter ATⅢ application (3.97±1.04sticker/μm, P＜0.05). Mucosal blood flow showed no differences in cirrhotic animals and controls (5.3±0.31nL/min vs5.4±0.25 nL/min) and was attenuated in animals with cirrhosis and IBD significantly (3.49±0.6 nL/min). This effect was normalized in the treatment group (5.13±0.4nL/min, P＜0.05). Enzyme values rose during development of cirrhosis and bowel inflammation, and reduced after ATⅢ application (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Liver cirrhosis in the presence of IBD leads to a significant reduction in mucosal blood flow and an increase in hepatic leukocyte adherence with consecutive liver injury, which can be prevented by administration of ATⅢ.