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炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性复发性胃肠道炎症性疾病。外泌体作为人体生理和病理过程中重要的纳米级调控因子，被证实参与了IBD的发生发展和肠道组织修复过程，在IBD的诊断和治疗等方面具有潜在的临床应用前景。现概述外泌体在IBD发病机制中的调控作用，并介绍其在IBD诊断及治疗中的研究进展。“,”Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a chronic recurrent gastrointestinal inflammatory disease. As the important nano-level regulatory factors in physiological and pathological processes, exosomes have been confirmed to participate in the development, progression and intestinal tissue repair of IBD, and have potential clinical application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD. This article summarizes the regulatory effects of exosomes in the pathogenesis of IBD, and elucidate the research advances of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.