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从卡莱尔对中国士大夫的礼赞到来华传教士对清末儒家教育的激烈批判,欧美世界中儒家教育的形象在两次鸦片战争前后发生了重要转变。本文认为英国维多利亚时期古典教育的衰微和现代通识教育的兴起改变了在华西人对儒家教育的看法。本文通过分析丁韪良、花之安、李佳白和约翰·巴罗等在华西人的教育论述与狄更斯、赫胥黎等人教育思想之间的关联,并观照西方帝国与晚清知识生产方式变革的关系,探讨西人如何秉持工业社会的“心智”论来批判儒家的经籍记诵之学,倡导以科学取代诗赋和经义来改革科举制度。
From Carlyle’s Commendation of Chinese Scholar-officials When Chinese missionaries fierce criticized Confucian education in the late Qing Dynasty, the image of Confucian education in European and American world changed significantly before and after the Opium War. This paper argues that the decline of classical education in the Victorian era in the United Kingdom and the rise of modern general education have changed the perception of Confucianism in Huaxi people. This essay analyzes the relationship between the education of Huaxi people and the educational thoughts of Dickens and Huxley and others in Ding Huiliang, Huazhian, Li Jiabai and John Barrow, and analyzes the relationship between Western imperialism and the change of knowledge production mode in the late Qing Dynasty , Discussing how Westerners uphold the “mind ” theory of industrial society to criticize the Confucian classics, advocating the reform of the imperial examination system by substituting science for poetry and classics.