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为了鉴定小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)×玉米(Zeamays L.)产生的杂种子代的单倍性,采用形态学和细胞学鉴定相结合的方法对杂种幼胚及胚拯救产生的植株进行表型分析与染色体记数。结果表明,小麦×玉米诱导的杂种子房内均无胚乳,仅在少数子房内观察到1个游离的球形幼胚,这些幼胚发育成植株后在花期花药退化或花粉败育,这一特征可作为小麦×玉米杂交后代单倍性的形态学标记。研究同时表明,杂种子代植株体细胞染色体数目为2n=21,在整个染色体组中无可同源配对的成对染色体,并且未发现玉米染色体,结合麦族植物染色体基数x=7的特点,确定该杂种子代为小麦单倍体(三元单倍体),这是小麦×玉米杂交后代单倍体鉴定最重要的细胞学标记。文中同时对小麦×玉米杂交后代单倍体鉴定的重要性,及与以前相关研究结果的差异进行了讨论。
In order to identify the haplotypes of hybrid progeny from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × maize (Zea mays L.), morphological and cytological assays were used to phenotype the hybrid embryos and embryos rescued from plants Analysis and chromosome counts. The results showed that there was no endosperm in the hybrid ovary induced by wheat × maize, and only one free spherical immature embryo was observed in only a few ovaries. These immature embryos developed into plants and degenerated anthers or pollen abortion at anthesis The characteristics can be used as haplotype morphological markers of hybrid progenies of wheat × maize. The results also showed that the number of somatic chromosomes in hybrid progeny plants was 2n = 21, there were no paired chromosome pairs in the whole genome and no chromosomes were found in maize plants. Combined with the characteristic of chromosome number x = 7, The hybrid progeny was identified as wheat haploid (ternary haploid), which is the most important cytological marker for haploid identification of the hybrid progeny of wheat × maize. In the meantime, the importance of haploid identification of the progenies of crossing wheat × maize at the same time and the differences with the previous related research results were discussed.