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目的 探讨先天性视网膜血管变异的分类及临床特征。 方法 对诊断为先天性视网膜血管变异的 9例 (12只眼 )患者全部进行全身、眼部、眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影 (fundus fluoresceinangiography,FFA)检查 ,其中 3例 (4只眼 )同时行吲哚青绿血管造影 (indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)检查。 结果 8例 10只眼的血管变异位于视网膜后极部 ,1例 2只眼血管变异从后极部延伸至中周部。先天性视网膜血管变异有以下几种类型 :1先天性视网膜粗大血管 1例 (1只眼 ) ;2先天性视网膜小动脉纡曲 2例 (3只眼 ) ;3先天性视网膜静脉纡曲 1例 (2只眼 ) ;4先天性视盘及视网膜前血管袢 5例 (6只眼 ) ,其中伴有 Valsalva动作导致自发性视网膜出血有 4例 (5只眼 )。 结论 先天性视网膜血管变异常好发于视网膜后极部 ,变异可发生在视网膜动脉或静脉 ,并可因 Valsalva动作诱发自发性出血。
Objective To investigate the classification and clinical features of congenital retinal vascular changes. Methods Nine patients (12 eyes) diagnosed as congenital retinal vascular changes were examined by whole-body, ocular fundus fundus fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), of which 3 (4 eyes) At the same time indocyanine green angiography (indocyanine green angiography, ICGA) examination. Results The vascular variability of 10 eyes of 8 cases was located in the posterior pole of the retina, and the vascular variability of 2 eyes of 1 case extended from the posterior pole to the middle part. There are several types of congenital retinal vascular changes: 1 congenital retinal thickening in 1 case (1 eye); 2 congenital retinal arterioles in 2 cases (3 eyes); 3 congenital retinal vein chord in 1 case (2 eyes); 4 cases of congenital optic disc and pre-retinal vasculature in 5 cases (6 eyes), accompanied by Valsalva action leading to spontaneous retinal hemorrhage in 4 cases (5 eyes). Conclusions Congenital retinal vascular abnormalities often occur in the posterior pole of the retina. Variation may occur in the retinal artery or vein, and spontaneous bleeding may be induced by Valsalva action.