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免疫治疗已成为微卫星高度不稳定（MSI-H）或错配修复缺陷（dMMR）结直肠癌的重要治疗方案，从晚期疾病的后线治疗到一线治疗，甚至在早期结直肠癌的新辅助治疗，均展现出优异的疗效。在微卫星稳定（MSS）或错配修复正常（pMMR）结直肠癌中，新辅助免疫治疗的研究探索也是未曾中断。本文重点评述近年来MSS或pMMR结直肠癌新辅助免疫治疗相关研究成果：单纯新辅助免疫治疗在小部分患者中，呈现了较好的病理应答；新辅助放化疗前或放化疗后引入免疫治疗，或者在放疗期间同步免疫治疗，显示了较标准放化疗更高的病理完全缓解率。放化疗后序贯双免疫联合治疗，以及免疫联合靶向新辅助治疗的研究均在开展进行中。但目前多为小样本探索性研究，仍有待更多的研究结果及长期的随访，来证明新辅助免疫治疗在MSS或pMMR结直肠癌中的疗效。“,”Immunotherapy has become an important treatment option for microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer. From late-line to first-line treatment, and even in neoadjuvant setting for early stage colorectal cancer, promising efficacy was observed with immunotherapy. In microsatellite stability (MSS) or mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) colorectal cancer, the researches of neoadjuvant immunotherapy have been conducted constantly. This paper focuses on the recent researches and progress of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for MSS or pMMR colorectal cancer. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy alone led to a good pathological response in a subset of patients. Studies of induction or consolidation immunotherapy before or after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or concurrent immunotherapy during radiotherapy showed higher pathological complete remission (pCR) rates as compared to standard chemoradiotherapy. Studies on sequential dual immunotherapy after radiochemotherapy and targeted therapy combined with neoadjuvant immunotherapy are ongoing. At present, most of these are pilot studies with small sample size. More researches and long-term follow-up are needed to prove the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in MSS or pMMR colorectal cancer.