论文部分内容阅读
一、经济的发展仍然主要依靠外延式的扩张,上项目,铺新摊子,而不是主要依靠技术进步,提高产品质量,追求规模效益的集约型发展。我国1994年生产了9000多万吨钢,11.8亿吨煤,1.4亿多万吨原油,创造的国内生产总值才43800亿元人民币,折合成美元才5000亿元多一点,说明我国的资源利用效率太低了。我国有一百多个汽车厂,汽车年产量才一百多万辆,可以说毫无规模效益。由于只有高投入才能高产出,经济发展速度高必然伴随着通货膨胀,而要治理通胀又必然带来经济的滑坡。二、市场信号扭曲影响资源的有效配置。银行利率低于物价上涨率,必然鼓励社会最紧缺的资源——资金的滥用和浪费,不能使有限的资金用于最有效率的部门。地价偏低和混乱严重影响土地的配置效率。实物商品和服务价值的扭曲使投资主体热衷于把资金投向价高利大的长线产品的生产,加重了基础部门和基础设施的“瓶颈”制约。
First, the development of economy still relies mainly on the expansion of expansion projects, new projects and new developments instead of the intensive development mainly relying on technological progress, product quality improvement and the pursuit of economies of scale. China produced more than 90 million tons of steel, 1.18 billion tons of coal and over 1.4 billion tons of crude oil in 1994, creating a GDP of 4.38 trillion yuan, equivalent to a little more than 500 billion yuan in the U.S. dollar, indicating that China’s utilization of resources Too low efficiency. There are over 100 auto factories in our country. The annual output of automobiles is only over 1 million. It can be said that there is no scale benefit. Since only high input can produce high output, the high rate of economic development inevitably accompanies inflation, and the need to control inflation will inevitably lead to economic decline. Second, the distorted market signals affect the effective allocation of resources. The fact that bank interest rates fall below the rate of price increases inevitably encourages the most scarce resources in our society - the abuse and wastage of funds and the limited funds available to the most efficient departments. Low land prices and chaos seriously affect the allocation of land efficiency. The distortions in the value of physical goods and services have made investors keen to invest their capital in the production of gigantic long-term products, aggravating the “bottleneck” constraints in the infrastructure and infrastructure.