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目的探讨早产儿出院后随访管理及早期干预对其预后的影响。方法将在中山大学附属东华医院儿科门诊规律随访的134例早产儿按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组67例。观察组给予早期干预措施(建立早产儿随访监测网络及随访档案,给予发育支持护理,进行母乳或奶粉喂养,根据个体情况补充铁剂,指导家长对早产儿的智力及运动能力进行早期教育,定期进行神经系统检查,早期进行康复训练等)。对照组给予常规育儿指导(出院前告知产妇正确的喂养方法,鼓励母乳喂养,普及基本知识)。采用中国标准化的贝莱量表对2组患儿出院后3、6、9及12个月时的智力发育指数(MDI)及运动发育指数(PDI)值进行比较。结果 2组3、6个月的MDI值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组9、12个月的MDI值,3、6、9及12个月的PDI值均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论早产儿出院后随访管理及早期干预效果确切,有助于改善患儿的智力及运动发育。
Objective To investigate the effect of follow-up management and early intervention on the prognosis of premature infants after discharge. Methods A total of 134 preterm infants with follow-up of pediatric outpatient service at Tung Wah Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 67 cases in each group. The observation group was given early interventions (establishment of follow-up monitoring network and follow-up files for preterm infants, nursing support for developmental support, breastfeeding or powdered milk feeding, iron supplementation according to individual circumstances, and guidance for early education of parents on intelligence and exercise capacity of premature infants. Periodic Conduct neurological examination, early rehabilitation training, etc.). The control group was given routine parental guidance (informing maternal correct feeding methods before discharge, encouraging breastfeeding and popularizing basic knowledge). The standardized scales of Belai were used to compare the mental development index (MDI) and motor development index (PDI) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after discharge from the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in MDI between the two groups at 3 and 6 months (P> 0.05). The MDI of 9 and 12 months in the observation group were significantly higher than those at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months Control group (all P <0.05). Conclusion The follow-up management and early intervention after discharge from preterm infants are effective and can help to improve their mental and physical development.