水利水电工程建设规模大、施工条件复杂,施工风险贯穿于工程的始终,防范和避免施工风险是承包商的重要课题。施工风险主要包括主观方面造成的风险,即业主、承包商和监理工程师;客观方面造成的风险,即自然环境、社会环境、经济政治因素。 Water conservancy and hydropower projects are large-scale construction, construction conditions are complex, construction risk runs through the project from beginning to end, preventing and avoiding construction risk is an important issue for contractors. The construction risks mainly include the risks caused by the subjective aspects, that is, the owners, contractors and supervision engineers; the risks caused by the objective aspects, namely the natural environment, social environment, economic and political factors.