一、引言暴露在露天环境中的石质文物,因空气中的二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、有机物、灰尘、煤烟粒子沉积作用及微生物的活动极易形成黑色污垢,导致结构表层污垢横生、色泽斑驳,原有的美学价值、视觉效果丧失殆尽,而且改变了原有石材表层结构材料的物理属性,导致表面的吸水率、热膨胀系数等发生变化,表层结构风化腐蚀、酥 I. INTRODUCTION The stone cultural relics exposed to the open air environment can easily form black dirt due to the deposition of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, organic matter, dust, soot particles and the activity of microorganisms in the air, resulting in the fouling of the surface of the structure. Color mottled, the original aesthetic value, the visual effect is lost, but also changed the physical properties of the original stone surface structure of the material, resulting in surface water absorption, thermal expansion coefficient changes, the surface structure of weathered corrosion, crisp