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关于行政许可的性质,传统的“赋权说”和“解禁说”等都存在理论上的不足。从社会功能的角度看,行政许可是一种政府规制社会经济活动的事前调控机制,防止危险是其最主要、最基本的功能。从权利相对性的角度看,行政许可是对权利的限制,目的是为了防止权利的滥用侵害他人权利及公共利益。基于上述认识,行政许可的性质应当是“无害性审查”。
On the nature of administrative licensing, there are theoretical deficiencies in the traditional “empowerment theory” and “lifted ban”. From a social function point of view, administrative licensing is an ex ante regulatory mechanism for government regulation of social and economic activities. Preventing danger is its most important and basic function. From the perspective of the relativity of rights, the administrative permission is the restriction of the right, in order to prevent the abusive use of rights against the rights of others and the public interest. Based on the above understanding, the nature of administrative licensing should be “innocuous review.”