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聪明的大脑会按照“少投入多产出”的原理运转,至少,当它学习新事物时是如此。初步资料表明,复杂的学习任务会刺激大脑,使大脑的能量消耗显著地下降。特别是那些在标准智力测验中获得高分的人,这一点表现得尤为明显。很可能经过一段时间的学习,大脑知道为完成一项任务,哪些神经线路是用不着的。通常,它仅仅依靠某些重要线路,美国加利福尼亚大学的神经心理学家理查德·海尔说:“学习与智力过程可能共同使用脑中某些重要的信息处理组元。”
A clever brain works according to the principle of “less input and more output”, at least when it learns new things. Preliminary data suggest that complex learning tasks stimulate the brain and significantly reduce the brain’s energy expenditure. This is especially true for those who score high on a standard intelligence test. It is likely that after a period of learning, the brain knows which neural circuits are not needed to accomplish a task. Often, it relies on some important route, says Richard Haier, a neuropsychologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. “Learning and intellectual processes may work together on some of the important information processing components in the brain.”