蜜蜂遗传多态性与蜜蜂种质资源保存、优良品种繁育和科学引种等问题密切相关,具有重要的研究价值.文章综述蜜蜂遗传多态性的影响因素和研究方法,影响因素包括自然因素和人为因素,自然因素主要有环境因子和种群竞争等,人为因素主要有品种引进和农药毒害作用等;研究方法包括形态学检测和DNA分析检测等.通过比较各研究方法的优缺点,认为宜采用多种方法相结合的手段进行全方位、多角度地综合评价蜜蜂的遗传多态性.“,”The genetic diversity of honeybee was very important to species conservation, breeding and introduction. This article mainly summarizes the influencing factors and research methods of genetic diversity of the honeybee. The genetic diversity of honeybee was affected by both natural factors and human activities. The former included environmental factors and population competition, while the latter are involved in variety introduction and pesticide contamination. Several methods were adopted to analyze the genetic diversity, including morphological determination, DNA analysis and so on. The differences of these techniques were also compared in this paper. As a conclusion, in order to get a comprehensive result with the omni-directional and multi-angled evaluation, a combination of different techniques was preferred.