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玉米(Zea mays L.)的叶夹角和叶间距是玉米株型的两个重要性状,不同株型通过影响群体冠层内的光分布状况和群体的光能利用而影响产量。为了解玉米叶夹角和叶间距的遗传机制,利用紧凑型玉米自交系CY5和平展型玉米自交系YL106组配构建的F2世代为作图群体,构建具有212个SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱,图谱总长度为1 153.39 cM,标记平均间距5.44 cM。利用144个F2∶3家系在3个环境下的表型值,结合已构建的遗传连锁图谱,采用完备区间作图法,对穗上叶夹角和穗上叶间距进行基因定位。结果表明,在单环境分析中,共检测出22个QTL,叶夹角和叶间距分别检测到10和12个QTL,其中西南大学玉米研究所歇马试验基地(简称XM)检测到9个,北碚试验基地(简称BB)检测到8个,合川试验基地(简称HC)检测到5个;在多环境联合分析中,共检测出11个QTL,分别位于1、3、5和7号染色体上,其中叶夹角检测到5个,位于1、3和5号染色体上,叶间距检测到6个,位于1和7号染色体上;在单环境和多环境中同时检测到的一致性QTL有3个,分别是穗上二叶夹角(qSecLA1a)、穗上三叶夹角(qThiLA1a)和穗上三叶间距(qThiLS7),其中在单环境中qSecLA1a位于1号染色体bnlg1803～bnlg1007,分别解释表型变异率26.99%和18.51%,qThiLA1a位于1号染色体bnlg1803～bnlg1007,分别解释表型变异率24.14%和22.00%,qThiLS7位于7号染色体bnlg1305～umc1787,分别解释表型变异率13.77%和9.96%;以上3个QTL在多环境联合分析中的贡献率分别为29.10%、31.86%和11.20%。因此,qSecLA1a、qThiLA1a和qThiLS7 3个位点在不同环境中可稳定表达。本研究结果可为玉米叶夹角和叶间距的遗传改良和分子标记辅助育种提供参考资料。
Leaf angle and leaf spacing of maize (Zea mays L.) are two important traits of corn plant type. Different plant types affect the yield by affecting the light distribution in the canopy and the light energy utilization of the population. In order to understand the genetic mechanism of leaf angle and leaf spacing in maize, F2 generation constructed with compact maize inbred line CY5 and flat maize inbred line YL106 was used as mapping population to construct a genetic linkage map with 212 SSR markers , The total length of the map is 1 153.39 cM, the average spacing of the markers is 5.44 cM. The phenotypic values of 144 F2: 3 families in three environments were used to map the angle between the upper leaves and the upper leaves of the ear, using the complete interval mapping method combined with the constructed genetic linkage map. Twenty-two QTLs were detected in single-environment analysis, and 10 and 12 QTLs were detected for leaf angle and leaf spacing respectively. Among them, 9 were detected by XM in Southwest University Maize Research Institute (XM) Eight were detected in Beibei Experimental Base (BB), five were detected in Hechuan Experimental Base (HC), and 11 QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 7 , Of which 5 were detected in the angle between the leaves, located on chromosomes 1, 3 and 5, 6 were detected on the chromosomes 1 and 7, and the same QTL detected simultaneously in single environment and multiple environments 3 were qSecLA1a, qThiLA1a and qThiLS7, respectively. In a single environment, qSecLA1a was located on chromosome 1 bnlg1803 ~ bnlg1007, respectively The phenotypic variation rates were 26.99% and 18.51%, respectively, and qThiLA1a was located on chromosome 1 bnlg1803 ~ bnlg1007, which explained the phenotypic variation rates of 24.14% and 22.00% respectively. QThiLS7 was located on chromosome 7 bnlg1305 ~ umc1787, which explained the phenotypic variation rates of 13.77% and 9.96 %. The contribution rates of the above three QTLs in the multi-environment joint analysis were 29.10%, 31.86% and 11.2 0%. Therefore, the three sites of qSecLA1a, qThiLA1a and qThiLS7 can be stably expressed in different environments. The results of this study can provide references for genetic improvement and molecular marker assisted breeding of corn leaf angle and leaf spacing.