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安多方言是藏语中没有声调的方言。母语为安多方言的藏族在说汉语普通话时,声调表现有其独特之处。本文对安多藏族说汉语普通话中介语的单音节声调情况进行了实验和统计分析。发现其声调偏误中既有调型错误也有调域错误,掌握声调的顺序为:去声、阴平、上声、阳平。随着对声调掌握由弱到强,有调域加大、声调曲线区分度加大的特点。为了进一步探索中介语声调表现的原因,我们又对安多方言本身的单音节音高模式进行了实验分析和定性研究。认为安多方言的音高性质是介于自由音高和固定音高之间的习惯性音高,其音高模式有平降两种,降多平少。从语音共时特征分析中可以看出,音高分化主要是由于韵尾的不同。从历史的角度看,-p韵尾音高比其他舒促韵尾都更容易先一步分化出去。而开音节是最不容易变读或分化的。对比母语和中介语实验研究的结果,文章认为安多藏族说汉语的声调特点是由安多母语音高特点所决定的,与其他两个方言相比,母语无声调的特点使安多藏族在汉语声调学习中处于劣势,而其母语的习惯音高模式,在其汉语四声习得顺序和调域等方面留下了痕迹。
The Amdo dialect is a dialect with no tone in Tibetan language. Tibetan speakers whose mother tongue is Anduo dialect have their unique tone when they speak Mandarin Chinese. This article conducts an experimental and statistical analysis on the monosyllabic tones of Mandarin Chinese interlanguage spoken by Anduo Tibetan. Found that the tone errors in both the wrong tone also adjust the domain error, to master the tone of the order: go sound, Yin Ping, Shang sound, Yang Ping. With the master of the tone from weak to strong, with the adjustment area increases, the tone curve increased degree of differentiation. In order to further explore the reason for the tone performance of interlanguage, we also conduct an experimental analysis and qualitative research on the monophonic pitch patterns of the Anduo dialect. Considering that the pitch of Anduo dialect is a habitual pitch between free and fixed pitch, its pitch pattern has two kinds of falling and falling more and less. From the analysis of phonetic synchronic features, it can be seen that phonological differentiation is mainly due to the difference of the endings. From a historical point of view, the pitch of -p is easier to differentiate first than the other. The syllable is the most difficult to read or differentiation. Compared with the results of experimental studies on mother tongue and interlanguage, the article holds that the tone features of Ando Tibetan language spoken by Chinese language are determined by the features of Anadolu phonetic height. Compared with the other two dialects, At the disadvantage of Chinese tone learning, the habitual pitch patterns of their native languages have left traces in the order of their Chinese four-tone acquisition and adjustment of their fields.