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为了研究不同施肥处理对连作植烟土壤环境因子及微生物群落多样性的影响,了解施肥后土壤微生物群落与环境因子的联系,采用IlluminaMiSeq高通量测序技术,对不同施肥处理下连作植烟土壤进行了细菌16S rRNAV4-V5区、真菌ITS rRNAV4-V5区测序,并通过主成分分析及冗余分析研究了连作植烟土壤的8种环境因子(有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶)及微生物之间的关系. 结果表明:测序质控后获得有效序列264500个,获得22035个操作分类单元(OTUs);菌落热图显示,施肥处理与对照相比增加了土壤中细菌与真菌的群落组成. 施肥处理的细菌及真菌多样性与CK均呈较大差异,不同施肥处理的细菌或真菌结构聚集较紧密,而CK在排序轴中与其余处理较为分散,这说明施肥可以明显改变连作土壤细菌与真菌的结构;速效钾含量在一定范围内会影响土壤细菌群落的多样性和丰度,而8种环境因子对真菌的多样性和丰度均有不同程度的影响. 运用高通量测序技术获取的烟草根际土壤微生物信息较为丰富,可为植烟土壤环境因子与微生物群落多样性研究提供理论参考.“,”In order to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil environmental factors and microbial community diversity in continuous cropping tobacco plants, and understand the relationship between soil microbial community and environmental factors, this paper adopted IlluminaMiSeq high-throughput sequencing technique to sequence bacteria 16S rRNAV4-V5 district and fungi ITS rRNAV4-V5 district in soil of continuous cropping tobacco plants under different fertilization treatments and studied the relationship between 8 environmental factors (organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available K, protease, catalase, phosphatase, sucrase) and the microbes by principal component analysis and redundancy analysis.The results showed that after sequencing, 264 500 effective sequences and 22 035 operation classification units (OTUs) were obtained. Colonies showed that the fertilization treatment increased the community composition of bacteria and fungi in the soil compared with that of the contrast. There were bigger differences in bacterial and fungal diversity between fertilization treatment and the CK. The results showed that fertilization could significantly change the structure of bacteria and fungi in soil. The content of available K could affect the diversity and abundance of soil bacterial community in a certain range, and the 8 environmental factors could affect the diversity and abundance of fungi by different degree. The soil microbial information of tobacco rhizosphere obtained by high-throughput sequencing technology was rich, and provided theoretical references for different fertilization treatments affecting soil environmental factors and microbial community diversity.