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为了探讨抗生素对堆肥过程中酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响,将添加土霉素(OTC)和磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM_2)的猪粪与小麦秸秆进行好氧堆肥发酵试验.试验设置3个处理,分别为CK处理(不添加抗生素)、L处理(10 mg·kg~(-1)OTC+1 mg·kg~(-1)SM_2)、H处理(140 mg·kg~(-1)OTC+30 mg·kg~(-1)SM_2).结果表明,各处理堆体温度在55℃及以上持续了4 d,发芽指数大于85%,均达到了腐熟标准;堆肥35 d后,L和H处理中OTC残留率分别为2.8%和4.2%,SM_2均未检出;抗生素降解符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为0.56~1.24 d.H处理对堆肥过程中脱氢酶活性呈先抑制后促进的作用,而对脲酶活性则在堆肥后期表现出显著抑制作用.Biolog数据表明,在堆肥腐熟期H处理AWCD值、Shannon指数和Simpson指数显著大于CK;主成分分析得出,H处理改变了堆肥过程中微生物群落结构,起分异作用的碳源主要为糖类、羧酸类及氨基酸类.综上所述,添加OTC和SM_2对堆肥过程中酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性有显著影响,且经堆肥处理后SM_2被完全降解,而OTC仅有少量残留,说明好氧堆肥是一种快速有效去除抗生素的方法.
In order to investigate the effect of antibiotics on enzyme activity and functional diversity of microbial communities during composting, pig manure and wheat straw supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethazine (SM_2) Treatment with CK (without antibiotics), L treatment (10 mg · kg -1 OTC + 1 mg · kg -1 SM 2) and H treatment (140 mg · kg -1 ) OTC + 30 mg · kg -1 SM_2). The results showed that the temperature of all treatments continued for 4 days at 55 ℃ and above, germination index was more than 85% OTC residual rates in L and H treatments were 2.8% and 4.2%, respectively, while SM_2 was not detected. The degradation of antibiotics was in accordance with the first-order kinetic equation and the half-life was 0.56-1.24 dH. The activity of dehydrogenase was inhibited firstly in the composting process , While urease activity showed a significant inhibitory effect in the later composting stage.Biolog data showed that the AWCD value, Shannon index and Simpson index were significantly greater than CK during the composting H period; principal component analysis showed that H treatment changed Microbial community structure in the compost process, the main carbon source for the differentiation of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids.In summary, Tim Adding OTC and SM_2 significantly affected enzyme activity and functional diversity of microbial communities during composting, and after composting SM_2 was completely degraded while only a small amount of OTC remained, indicating that aerobic composting is a rapid and effective antibiotic removal method .