引言我们知道固体的结构和性能主要决定于组成固体的粒子(原子、分子、离子等)的结构和它们之间的相互作用力与热运动。因此,分析和研究组成固体的粒子的结构和它们之间的结合力及结合力的性质是固休物理最基本最重要的问题之一。当原子、分子、离子等通过结合力而形成固体时,我们就称为形成了固体键。由于组成粒子和结合力的不同,固体可以形成多种多样的键。我们已熟知,最简单最典型的固体键,不外有下列四种: INTRODUCTION We know that the structure and properties of solids depend mainly on the structure of the solid particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) and their interaction and thermal motion. Therefore, analyzing and studying the structure of the solid particles and the nature of their binding and binding forces are among the most fundamental and fundamental issues in solid-state physics. When an atom, molecule, ion, etc. forms a solid by its binding force, we call it a solid bond. Due to the different composition of the particles and the binding force, the solid can form a wide variety of bonds. We are familiar with, the most simple and most typical solid keys, but the following four: