论文部分内容阅读
语法填空题是高考的必考题型,要求考生阅读一篇150—200词的短文，然后完成10个语法填空。该题通常只有3—4个空给出了参考词汇，其余6—7个空则要求考生根据上下文甚至全文的信息，进行分析判断，填入适当的词语。考生在做这一大题时,往往对没有给参考词汇的空感到无从下手，特别是句子较长或前后有干扰成分的题。因此，学会排除干扰可以帮助考生较好地完成语法填空题，突破难点。
1. 去掉修饰成分，排除视觉障碍。
[例1] (2007广东高考)...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36there was a garage.
36题难倒了不少考生，答案是where，这是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，a small town 是先行词。而此题some 20 kilometers away 将先行词与定语从句隔开，给考生造成了理解上的障碍，干扰了考生快速而准确答题。因此，考生在解题时要果断地将修饰成分some 20 kilometers away去掉。
[例2](2008广州一模) I wanted to see 31much of the city as possible in the two days before I was to return to Guangzhou.
31题考生容易填so或too，而答案是as，因为as much as possible是固定短语，在做题时，要学会排除干扰，将修饰成分of the city去掉。
2. 注重语境理解，抛开定势思维。
[例1](2008广东高考) He was very tired
36 doing this for a whole day.
很少考生能填写正确答案，答案是after或from，意思是他做这样的事(拔苗) 一天后，非常劳累。而考生往往形成一种定势思维，一看到was very tired，就想到了词组be tired of (厌烦)，毫不犹豫地填写答案of，不符合语境。这样就掉进命题人设置的陷阱了。
[例2](2009广州一模) With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally40(speech).
极少考生能答对，考生往往会填spoke，因为他们看到speech，就会想到词性的变化，speech是名词，speak是动词, 其过去式是spoke。这既不符合句子结构的需要也不符合语境。正确答案是speechless, totally是副词, 后接形容词speechless表状态, 从语境上理解，应该是：听到儿子的一番话之后，父亲坐在舒适的沙发里，一言不发。
3. 注意长句中形式主语或形式宾语的运用。
[例1](2009广东高考) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
有些考生可能会填that，没有理解这个长句的句子结构以及各个部分所充当的成分。 She remembered后接宾语从句，而在宾语从句中动词was前缺少了主语，答案是it，原因是it在宾语从句作形式主语，真正的主语是to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father。
[例2](2009广东高考) 38 is now quite normal for a girl, once past the age about fifteen, to go out with a boyfriend, and although her parents will probably insist that she come home at a certain time, beyond this they depend on her to look after herself.
答案是It，在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to go out with a boyfriend。
4. 掌握长句中连接词的作用。
[例1](2007广东高考) Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.
32题所在句是一个长句，很多考生一看就懵了，不知如何分析句子、寻找正确答案。 as to 是短语介词，后跟宾语或宾语从句；should have 说明有句子存在，所以should前应是一个能充当主语的代词性质的连接词(what, who, which )； 根据上下文，连接词在句中作主语指人，故填who。 此题的考点在于连接词的作用。
[例2](2010广东高考)We understand this lesson best40we receive gifts of love from children.
这道题大部分考生会填after，理解为：在收到孩子表示爱意的礼物后，我们才充分明白。而答案是when，句意是：当我们收到孩子爱意的礼物时，我们最能体会到这个故事的含义。
5. 跨度大的空，要注重把握整体，加强上下文的联系。
[例1](2007广东高考)37villagers brought me goat’s cheese and honey.
很多考生会填Some，单独看此空或此句，从语法结构来看，some villagers（一些村民）是对的，但要从整个篇章去理解，既要符合语法又要符合语义、语境，正确答案是Other, 因为相对于按排我们住宿的the old peasant woman和帮我们拖车去修理的村长来说，拿goat’s cheese and honey 给我的应是“其他的”村民。
[例2](2010广东高考) After the student left, the teacher let 36 student taste the water.
这是本段开头的第一句，考生易填other，而答案是another。由student单数可知前面代词应指一人，由下文(本段最后一句)He asked his teacher可知是另一个学生，同类中的另一个应用another。
（作者单位：佛山市顺德区北中学）
责任编校蒋小青
1. 去掉修饰成分，排除视觉障碍。
[例1] (2007广东高考)...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36there was a garage.
36题难倒了不少考生，答案是where，这是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，a small town 是先行词。而此题some 20 kilometers away 将先行词与定语从句隔开，给考生造成了理解上的障碍，干扰了考生快速而准确答题。因此，考生在解题时要果断地将修饰成分some 20 kilometers away去掉。
[例2](2008广州一模) I wanted to see 31much of the city as possible in the two days before I was to return to Guangzhou.
31题考生容易填so或too，而答案是as，因为as much as possible是固定短语，在做题时，要学会排除干扰，将修饰成分of the city去掉。
2. 注重语境理解，抛开定势思维。
[例1](2008广东高考) He was very tired
36 doing this for a whole day.
很少考生能填写正确答案，答案是after或from，意思是他做这样的事(拔苗) 一天后，非常劳累。而考生往往形成一种定势思维，一看到was very tired，就想到了词组be tired of (厌烦)，毫不犹豫地填写答案of，不符合语境。这样就掉进命题人设置的陷阱了。
[例2](2009广州一模) With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally40(speech).
极少考生能答对，考生往往会填spoke，因为他们看到speech，就会想到词性的变化，speech是名词，speak是动词, 其过去式是spoke。这既不符合句子结构的需要也不符合语境。正确答案是speechless, totally是副词, 后接形容词speechless表状态, 从语境上理解，应该是：听到儿子的一番话之后，父亲坐在舒适的沙发里，一言不发。
3. 注意长句中形式主语或形式宾语的运用。
[例1](2009广东高考) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
有些考生可能会填that，没有理解这个长句的句子结构以及各个部分所充当的成分。 She remembered后接宾语从句，而在宾语从句中动词was前缺少了主语，答案是it，原因是it在宾语从句作形式主语，真正的主语是to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father。
[例2](2009广东高考) 38 is now quite normal for a girl, once past the age about fifteen, to go out with a boyfriend, and although her parents will probably insist that she come home at a certain time, beyond this they depend on her to look after herself.
答案是It，在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to go out with a boyfriend。
4. 掌握长句中连接词的作用。
[例1](2007广东高考) Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.
32题所在句是一个长句，很多考生一看就懵了，不知如何分析句子、寻找正确答案。 as to 是短语介词，后跟宾语或宾语从句；should have 说明有句子存在，所以should前应是一个能充当主语的代词性质的连接词(what, who, which )； 根据上下文，连接词在句中作主语指人，故填who。 此题的考点在于连接词的作用。
[例2](2010广东高考)We understand this lesson best40we receive gifts of love from children.
这道题大部分考生会填after，理解为：在收到孩子表示爱意的礼物后，我们才充分明白。而答案是when，句意是：当我们收到孩子爱意的礼物时，我们最能体会到这个故事的含义。
5. 跨度大的空，要注重把握整体，加强上下文的联系。
[例1](2007广东高考)37villagers brought me goat’s cheese and honey.
很多考生会填Some，单独看此空或此句，从语法结构来看，some villagers（一些村民）是对的，但要从整个篇章去理解，既要符合语法又要符合语义、语境，正确答案是Other, 因为相对于按排我们住宿的the old peasant woman和帮我们拖车去修理的村长来说，拿goat’s cheese and honey 给我的应是“其他的”村民。
[例2](2010广东高考) After the student left, the teacher let 36 student taste the water.
这是本段开头的第一句，考生易填other，而答案是another。由student单数可知前面代词应指一人，由下文(本段最后一句)He asked his teacher可知是另一个学生，同类中的另一个应用another。
（作者单位：佛山市顺德区北中学）
责任编校蒋小青