目的:探讨低流量异氟烷吸入麻醉复合骶管麻醉对下腹部及会阴手术患儿炎性因子的影响。方法:选择接受手术治疗的下腹部及会阴疾病患儿80例,随机均分为对照组与实验组,手术麻醉时均采用骶管阻滞麻醉,但基础麻醉方式对照组为氯胺酮静脉全身麻醉,实验组为低流量异氟烷吸入麻醉,观察并比较麻醉前后不同时间患儿血浆白介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)的水平。结果:与麻醉前相比,患儿血浆IL-6以及TNF-α水平从手术开始后30 min开始显著升高(P<0.05),以对照组升高更为显著(P<0.05);与麻醉前相比,患儿血浆IL-10在手术结束时开始显著升高(P<0.05),两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与麻醉前相比,患儿血浆HMGB1在手术结束后24 h显著升高(P<0.05),以对照组升高更为显著(P<0.05)。结论:基础麻醉复合骶管麻醉用于小儿下腹部及会阴手术时,基础麻醉方式选择低流量异氟烷吸入对患儿体内炎症反应控制效果明显优于氯胺酮静脉注射。 Objective: To investigate the effects of low-flow isoflurane inhalation anesthesia combined with caudal anesthesia on inflammatory cytokines in patients with lower abdomen and perineal surgery. Methods: Eighty children with lower abdomen and perineal disease who underwent surgical treatment were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The caudal block anesthesia was used during the operation anesthesia. The basic anesthesia control group was given ketamine intravenous general anesthesia, The experimental group was inhaled anesthesia with low-flow isoflurane. The levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and high mobility group box protein in children before and after anesthesia were observed and compared. B1 (HMGB1) levels. Results: Compared with those before anesthesia, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma increased significantly (P <0.05) 30 min after the start of operation, and increased more significantly in control group (P <0.05) Compared with pre-anesthesia, plasma IL-10 level in children started to increase significantly at the end of surgery (P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05) 24 h after surgery was significantly increased (P <0.05), the control group increased more significantly (P <0.05). Conclusions: When basic anesthesia combined with caudal anesthesia is used in infantile lower abdomen and perineal surgery, the choice of low-flow isoflurane inhalation based on basic anesthesia is superior to ketamine in the control of inflammatory reaction in children.