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目的了解北京市房山区健康人群流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)抗体水平及其分布特点,为采取有效的乙脑预防措施和控制策略提供科学依据。方法 2012年用容量比例概率抽样法在房山区随机选取10个村居委会,在当地连续居住6个月以上的10个年龄组人群作为研究对象,共260人。采用调查问卷收集研究对象人口学特征、含乙脑疫苗免疫史、乙脑患病史。采集静脉血5 ml,采用蚀斑减少中和试验法检测乙脑中和抗体。结果调查对象抗体阳性率为68.08%。不同性别、不同户籍研究对象间乙脑抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。不同年龄组人群中,乙脑抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=44.495,P<0.01)。<1岁组儿童乙脑抗体阳性率最低(17.39%)。丘陵地区人群乙脑抗体阳性率明显高于平原地区和山地地区(χ2=18.935,P<0.01)。无免疫史人群抗体阳性率明显低于有接种史和接种史不详的人群(χ2=36.875,P<0.01)。不同职业人群抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=37.876,P<0.01)。结论 2012年北京市房山区健康人群感染乙脑病毒的概率和频次降低;及时接种乙脑疫苗对保护<1岁儿童具有重要作用,同时需警惕乙脑发病向大年龄人群推移。
Objective To understand the antibody level and distribution of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in healthy population in Fangshan District, Beijing, and to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures of JE. Methods In 2012, a random sample of 10 village committees in Fangshan District was selected by the method of capacity proportionality sampling, and 10 age groups of 6 months or more were randomly selected as the study subjects, a total of 260 people. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics of the study subjects, including immunization history of Japanese encephalitis vaccine and history of Japanese encephalitis. Venous blood was collected 5 ml, plaque reduction and neutralization test to detect JE neutralizing antibodies. Results The positive rate of the antibody was 68.08%. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Japanese encephalitis antibody between subjects of different gender and different household registration (all P> 0.05). In different age groups, the positive rate of Japanese encephalitis antibody was significantly different (χ2 = 44.495, P <0.01). Children <1 year old had the lowest positive rate of JE antibody (17.39%). The positive rate of Japanese encephalitis antibody in hilly areas was significantly higher than that in plain areas and mountainous areas (χ2 = 18.935, P <0.01). The positive rate of antibodies in the population without immunization was significantly lower than those with unknown history of vaccination and vaccination (χ2 = 36.875, P <0.01). The positive rates of antibody in different occupational groups were statistically different (χ2 = 37.876, P <0.01). Conclusions The probability and frequency of JE virus infection in healthy population in Fangshan District of Beijing in 2012 is low. Timely vaccination of JE vaccine plays an important role in protecting children <1 year old. At the same time, vigilance should be guard against the development of JE in large age population.