目的:研究基本药物制度实施前后乡镇卫生院基本药物的用量及其结构变化。方法:定量资料调查改革前后样本卫生院基本药物的品种及用量,分析方法采用描述性统计分析和卡方检验,并辅以定性访谈资料。结果:实施基本药物制度以后,药品用量整体上升,经济较好的县、一般卫生院和高价药品的用量增长幅度较大,经济一般和较差的县及中心卫生院增幅相对较小。结论:实施基本药物制度以后,药品用量整体上升,但因有些地区政府补助不足,缺乏科学的激励机制,导致高价药用量增幅较大,可能存在一些不合理用药的现象。 Objective: To study the usage of basic drugs in township hospitals and their structural changes before and after the implementation of the basic drug system. Methods: Quantitative data were used to investigate the variety and dosage of essential medicines in the sample hospitals before and after the reform. The methods of analysis were descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square test, supplemented by qualitative interview data. Results: After the implementation of the basic medicine system, the dosage of medicines increased as a whole. The dosage of higher-cost counties, general hospitals and high-priced medicines increased greatly, and the increase of the average and poor county and central hospitals was relatively small. Conclusion: After the implementation of the basic medicine system, the dosage of medicines increased overall. However, due to insufficient government subsidies in some areas and lack of scientific incentive mechanism, the consumption of high-priced medicines increased greatly and there may be some irrational drug use.