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低共熔溶剂具有熔点低、不挥发、不易燃、溶解性良好、易合成、廉价、低毒、腐蚀性低、生物降解性好等特点,常被作为“绿色”溶剂应用于金属加工和合成反应中。然而,目前对低共熔溶剂的结构和性质的研究只限于少部分具体的低共熔溶剂,没有形成系统全面的理论体系。简述了低共熔溶剂的合成与分类、分子结构和形成机理的研究进展,归纳了低共熔溶剂的物性估算方法,并指出了一些关于低共熔溶剂研究中存在的问题,提出了可能的解决方案。
Low eutectic solvents have the characteristics of low melting point, non-volatile, non-flammable, good solubility, easy synthesis, low cost, low toxicity, low corrosiveness and good biodegradability. They are often used as “green” solvents in metal processing And synthesis reaction. However, the current research on the structure and properties of eutectic solvents is limited to only a few specific eutectic solvents, and does not form a systematic and comprehensive theoretical system. The progress in the synthesis, classification, molecular structure and formation mechanism of eutectic solvents is briefly reviewed. The methods for estimating the physical properties of eutectic solvents are summarized. Some problems in the research of eutectic solvents are pointed out, s solution.