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荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)是我国十大名花中唯一的水生花卉,在珠三角等湿地广泛栽培。近年来,荷花栽培集中区,大范围发生腐败病,影响了正常的生产与旅游观光产业,为了有效控制病害发生蔓延,生产上急需明确荷花腐败病的病原。本研究通过病原菌致病力测定、形态比较、分子特异检测,以及基于翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)、rDNA基因内间隔区(IGS)、线粒体小亚基(mtSSU)等基因片段的系统发育分析,对采自广东、广西、江西、福建、湖南、湖北等地的荷花腐败病病原菌进行鉴定及系统发育研究,结果如下:(1)形态学与分子鉴定均表明荷花腐败病菌为Fusarium commune,该菌为尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)的近缘种,首次在荷花上报道。(2)F.commune与尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)在形态上非常相似,F.commune能产生长度大于25μm的细长形单瓶梗及偶尔产生复瓶梗的形态特征,区别于F.oxysporum。MtSSU、EF-1及IGS等基因位点可用于F.commune和F.oxysporum这两个种的明确区分。(3)我国不同地区的荷花腐败病菌存在一定的遗传分化,荷花腐败病菌与分离自我国的荸荠枯萎病菌(Fusarium commune)为同一个种。
The lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera) is the only aquatic flower in China’s top ten famous flowers, widely cultivated in the Pearl River Delta and other wetlands. In recent years, lotus cultivation concentrated area, a wide range of corruption, affecting the normal production and tourism industry, in order to effectively control the spread of disease, the production urgently need to clear the pathogens of rotten flowers. In this study, the phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic bacteria based on pathogenicity determination, morphological comparison, molecular specificity detection, and gene fragments based on the translation elongation factor (TEF-1α), rDNA intragenic spacer (IGS), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) The results showed as follows: (1) Morphology and molecular identification showed that the pathogen of Fusarium rot of Fusarium was Fusarium commune, The bacterium, an endemic species of F. oxysporum, was first reported on lotus. (2) F.commune is morphologically very similar to F. oxysporum and F.commune is capable of producing slender single-stems greater than 25 μm in length and occasionally produce multi-bottle terriers, as distinguished from F.oxysporum. Gene loci such as MtSSU, EF-1 and IGS can be used to make a clear distinction between F.commune and F. oxysporum. (3) There is a certain degree of genetic differentiation of the pathogen of the lotus in different parts of China, and the same kind of Fusarium commune is isolated from the lotus root rot bacteria.