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F.德瓦尔的道德演化论观点主要有:道德是涉他行为的利害性与公平性及应然准则。许多非人动物也有道德,道德并非人类所独有。道德有三个层次:第一层次的利他与求公平是基于同情与互报演化出来的,第二层次的社群关怀是基于社会压力演化出来的,第三层次的平等对待众生的普遍性道德是发达的理性追求道德普适性与公正性的结果。道德及其心理和社会基础在动物界是连续渐变的,前两个层次的道德具有圈内偏向性。人类道德的前两个层次与非人动物的道德是同质异量的关系,但其第三个层次具有普遍公正性之新质。德瓦尔的道德观和道德连续论是相当合理的,但以普遍公正性为人类道德的独特性只有有限的合理性。
F. De Waal moral evolution theory are: Moral is involved in the conduct of his interests and fairness and should be guidelines. Many non-human animals also have morality, and morality is not unique to human beings. Morality has three levels: the first level of altruism and justice are evolved on the basis of compassion and mutual reporting. The second level of community care is evolved on the basis of social pressure. The third level of universality morality that treats all sentient beings equally is Developed Rational Pursuit of Universal Result of Morality and Justice. Morality and its psychological and social basis are continuously gradual changes in the animal kingdom, with the first two levels of morality having inner-circle bias. The first two levels of human morality and the non-human animal morality are of the same nature, but the third level has a new quality of universal fairness. Dwyer’s ethics and moral continuity theory are quite reasonable, but there is only a limited rationality of universal justice for the uniqueness of human morality.