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目的掌握艾滋病的流行特征、研究其流行因素,探索预防艾滋病的干预方法和措施。方法对现有相关资料进行统计,用描述流行病学方法对艾滋病流行特征、流行因素进行分析;采用心理干预和行为干预两种方法并行,对娱乐场所女性性服务人员实施干预,并对干预前后效果进行比较。结果竹山县2002年6月-2008年底累计发现艾滋病病毒感染者和病人66例,疫情分布具有明显的地域聚集性,年龄主要是25~50岁的青壮年,均为农民,经血液途径传播者占63.64%,性途径传播者占30.30%。经济贫困、人口流动,农村卫生条件差、妇女生殖道感染率高(48.71%),群众防治知识缺乏是本地区艾滋病流行的主要因素。干预后艾滋病知识知晓率、安全套使用率均明显提高,性病感染率下降61.51%。结论基本摸清本地区艾滋病的流行特征和流行因素,对高危人群采取的两种干预方法并行切实有效。解决农民工夫妻分居或就地有序安排就业,是预防和控制艾滋病、性病的重要措施,也是各级政府急需研究解决的系统工程和重要课题。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS, study its prevalence factors and explore ways and measures to prevent AIDS. Methods Statistics were made on existing relevant data, epidemiological characteristics and epidemic factors were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods. Psychological interventions and behavioral interventions were used in parallel to intervene in female sexual service workers in entertainment establishments. Before and after intervention The effect is compared. Results In Zhushan County, from June 2002 to the end of 2008, a total of 66 cases of HIV-infected patients and patients were found. The distribution of the outbreak was obviously geographical agglomeration. The main age was young and middle-aged people aged 25 to 50 years. All of them were peasants. Accounting for 63.64%, 30.30% of sexual way transmission. Economic poverty, population movements, poor rural health and high prevalence of genital tract infections among women (48.71%), and the lack of public knowledge on prevention and control are the major factors contributing to the AIDS epidemic in the region. After the intervention, the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge and the condom use rate increased significantly, and the STD infection rate dropped by 61.51%. Conclusions Basic understanding of the prevalence and prevalence of HIV in the region is valid and effective for both interventions in high-risk groups. Resolving migrant workers’ separation of husband and wife or arranging employment on an orderly basis is an important measure to prevent and control AIDS and venereal diseases. It is also a systematic project and an important issue urgently needed by all levels of government for research and solution.