目的：探讨女性生殖器沙眼衣原体（ＣＴ）感染与自然流产的病原学关系。方法：以多聚酶链反应技术（ＰＣＲ）测定３６例自然流产患者及３６例正常妊娠女性宫颈管粘液沙眼衣原体脱氧核糖核酸（ＣＴ－ＤＮＡ）。结果：自然流产患者ＣＴ－ＤＮＡ检出率（３０６％）显著高于正常妊娠女性（１１１％）（Ｐ＜００５）；其中流产次数≥３次者，ＣＴ－ＤＮＡ检出率（６００％）显著高于流产次数＜３次者（９５％）（Ｐ＜０００５）及正常妊娠女性（１１１％）（Ｐ＜０００５％）。结论：女性生殖器ＣＴ感染是妊娠早期自然流产的病因之一，尤其与反复多次的自然流产关系密切。 Objective: To explore the etiological relationship between female genital C. trachomatis (CT) infection and spontaneous abortion. Methods: CT-DNA was detected in 36 cases of spontaneous abortion and 36 cases of normal cervical mucus of cervical mucosa by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The detection rate of CT-DNA in patients with spontaneous abortion (306%) was significantly higher than that in normal pregnant women (111%) (P005) Rates (60.0%) were significantly higher than those with abortions <3 (9.5%) (P <0005) and normal pregnant women (111%) (P <0005%). Conclusion: Female genital CT infection is one of the causes of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy, especially closely related to repeated spontaneous abortion.