一、序言在以祖上崇拜和父系主义家族制度为基本理论的正统中国社会中,重视超越个别家庭范围的、共同祖上的,父系后孙集团宗族的纽带意识,及宗族源的结合和相互合作,特别是政府和统治阶层把这种行为作为一个哲学性的、政治性的重要的问题来看待。但是,宗族间的纽带意识、凝聚力、组织形态等,不是始终不变的,而是在时代和社会构造的脉络中一起变动的。宋代以后形成,在明清代具有一定的特征及大面积普及和改变的近代宗族制度形式是时代的产物。 I. Preface In the orthodox Chinese society based on the ancestral worship and patriarchal clan system as the basic theory, emphasis is placed on the awareness of the clan ties of patriarchal clan descendants of individual families, the common ancestry, and the combination and mutual cooperation of the clan sources. In particular, the government and the ruling class view such behavior as a philosophical and political issue of importance. However, the clan consciousness, cohesion and organizational form of the clans are not always the same, but change together in the context of the times and social structures. The formation of the Song Dynasty, with certain characteristics in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the popularization and change of the large-scale modern clan system is the product of the times.