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保险人恶意违约制度是美国法院在司法实践中形成的对保险人恶意违反保险合同约定认定为侵权而判定保险人承担超过保单限额责任的一种具有独创性的判例规则,是侵权法向合同领域扩张的一个例证。该规则突破了合同法传统违约救济制度面临的困境,有效矫正了保险合同中保险人和被保险人的失衡地位。保险人恶意违约制度确定了保险人恶意违约的判断标准、行为性质和责任范围,这些都值得我国保险立法和实践吸纳,以解决我国大量存在的保险“理赔/给付纠纷”。
The malicious default system of the insurer is a kind of original case rule that the court of the United States formed in the judicial practice that the insurer maliciously violated the insurance contract and found that the insurer assumed the responsibility of exceeding the policy limit. An illustration of expansion. This rule breaks through the dilemma confronting the traditional default remedy system of contract law and effectively rectifies the unbalanced status of insurer and insured in the insurance contract. The malicious default system of the insurer determines the judgment standard, nature of conduct and scope of responsibility of the insurer for malicious breach of contract. All these are worthy of our country’s insurance legislation and practice to absorb in order to solve the large number of insurance “claims / disputing disputes” in our country.