由于地理环境、物质生产方式以及社会组织形态等历史文化条件的差异，中国古代行政管理思想与西方近代行政管理思想表现出不同的特征。前者是一种“小生产、大管理”模式，而后者则为“大生产、小管理”模式。本文对这两种管理思想进行了详细的比较，并指出了其相互融合的发展趋势。关键词中国古代、西方近代、行政管理思想、比较 Due to the differences in historical and cultural conditions, such as the geographical environment, material production patterns and social organization patterns, the ancient Chinese thought of administration and western modern thought of administration showed different characteristics. The former is a “small-scale production, big management” mode, while the latter is “large-scale production, small management” mode. This article makes a detailed comparison of these two management ideas and points out the development trend of their integration. Key words ancient Chinese, western modern times, thought of administrative management, comparison