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清末民初的思想家对传统中国的专制制度进行了全面解构。他们的基本观点是:专制使臣民变成奴隶,颓废了国民精神;中国历代专制帝王推行“私国愚民”之术来维护自己的统治;专制导致中国处于积弱积贫的境地,是中国饱受列强侵略的根本原因。通过划分政体类型,他们指出了专制制度与民主制度的根本区别,并宣告了专制制度的暂时性。在“救亡压倒启蒙”的时代背景下,清末民初“解构专制”思潮的功用并没有得到完全发挥,直接从制度入手以图富强的观念也使这股思潮出现了一定的偏差。
Thinkers at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China comprehensively deconstructed the autocratic system in traditional China. Their basic point of view is that tyranny turns the subjects into slaves and decadent the national spirit. In ancient times, the authoritarian emperors of the Chinese government implemented the art of “private country foolishness” to safeguard their own rule. The root cause of China’s invasion by the powers. By delineating the types of regimes, they pointed out the fundamental difference between authoritarian and democratic systems and declared the temporary nature of the autocracy. Under the background of “saving salvation overcame enlightenment,” the function of the trend of “deconstruction of autocracy” at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China did not get fully exerted, and the concept of wealth and fortune starting directly from the system also made this trend of thought appear some deviation .