Since Marxism is a guiding ideology in China, the value of Marx’s theory of human liberation should be regarded as the basis of judgment in the construction of our contemporary values. The guiding function of this theory has been exhibited in three aspects. First, when we reflect on our traditional goal in view of this theory, we find that we ought to give up the Great Harmony (Datong) as our ideal of social civilization. Secondly, when we consider our present ideals in the perspective of this theory, we think it is necessary for us to cultivate the values of individuality in our socialist market economy. Finally, when we look to our future in the light of the sense of human liberation, we understand that we must make severe critical remarks on human alienation that has been brought about by material dependence. Since Marxism is a guiding ideology in China, the value of Marx’s theory of human liberation should be considered as the basis of judgment in the construction of our contemporary values. The guiding function of this theory has been exhibited in three aspects. First, when we reflect on our traditional goal in view of this theory, we find that we ought to give up the Great Harmony (Datong) as our ideal of social civilization. Secondly, when we consider our present ideals in the perspective of this theory, we think it is necessary for us to cultivate the values ​​of individuality in our socialist market economy. Finally, when we look to our future in the light of the sense of human liberation, we understand that we must make severe critical remarks on human alienation that has been brought about by material dependence.