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目的探讨围产儿死亡主要原因及降低围产儿死亡率的措施。方法对2000年10月-2005年6在西城区全部产科分娩的339例死亡围产儿资料进行回顾性分析。结果围产儿死亡率14.08‰。死亡围产儿体重<2500g组明显高于≥2500g组(P<0.05)。造成死亡的原因以母病因素为首位,其中妊娠期高血压疾病占74.42%,且子痫前期重度-子痫致死亡明显高于此病其他阶段(P<0.05);妊娠期糖尿病81.82%在34周以前发生围产儿死亡。致围产儿死亡的出生缺陷类型顺位依次为心脏畸形,多发畸形,神经管畸形,唇裂合并腭裂等。结论母病因素是导致围产儿死亡的首因,出生缺陷成为造成围产儿死亡的主要因素,胎儿生长发育与妊娠结局有密切关系。加强孕产期保健与管理,普及优生优孕知识,科学地进行孕产期母儿监测与监护,做好孕产期母儿疾病与预后的客观评估,早发现、早治疗妊娠期合并症及并发症,可以降低围产儿死亡发生。同时,发挥政府管理职能,是降低围产儿死亡的关键环节。
Objective To explore the main causes of perinatal death and measures to reduce perinatal mortality. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 339 cases of perinatal death data of all obstetrical births in Xicheng District from October 2000 to 2005 6. Results The perinatal mortality rate was 14.08 ‰. Perinatal death weight <2500g group was significantly higher than ≥ 2500g group (P <0.05). The cause of death was the first cause of maternal disease, of which gestational hypertension accounted for 74.42%, and severe preeclampsia - eclampsia caused by death was significantly higher than other stages of disease (P <0.05); 81.82% of gestational diabetes in Perinatal death occurred 34 weeks ago. The causes of perinatal deaths were as follows: heart deformity, multiple deformities, neural tube defects, cleft palate with cleft lip and so on. Conclusion The cause of maternal disease is the leading cause of perinatal death. Birth defects become the main cause of perinatal death. The fetal growth and development are closely related to the outcome of pregnancy. Strengthen maternal health care and management, popularize the knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care, scientific maternity maternal monitoring and monitoring, make objective assessment of maternal and child diseases and prognosis, early detection and early treatment of pregnancy complications and Complications can reduce perinatal deaths. At the same time, giving play to the functions of government management is a key link in reducing perinatal deaths.