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Ames(1973)发表了用沙门氏菌体外检测致癌物的诱变性报道。此后数年内的研究结果又表明致癌物中90%都对沙门氏菌有诱变性,而非致癌物中有诱变性的只占10%,这一现象引起了科技界乃至官方的很大关注,似乎是对Ames测定只要再补充一两个其他的测定,所有动物和人的致癌物就都能在体外作为诱变物而被检出了。但在这方面有两个根本性的困扰问题:第一,相当数量的动物致癌物是无诱变性的,也不与DNA相互作用,但当用特殊的方法或改变动物体内原来的稳定平衡后可提高肿瘤的发生率。第二,一些不能接受上述看法的人,又走向了另一极端,即盲目地试图将所有的致癌物都检测为诱变物,于是就滥用了诱变性测定,出现了很多不科学的实例。现将上述两个问题从实验方面和概念方面分别讨论如下:
Ames (1973) published mutagenicity reports of in vitro carcinogenesis with Salmonella. After several years of research results show that 90% of carcinogens are mutagenic Salmonella, non-carcinogenic mutagenic only 10%, a phenomenon that has aroused great concern of the scientific community and even the official, It seems that once the Ames test is supplemented by one or two other tests, all animal and human carcinogens can be detected in vitro as mutagens. There are, however, two fundamental problems in this regard. First, a significant amount of animal carcinogens are non-mutagenic and do not interact with DNA, but when using special methods or changing the original stable balance in animals After the increase in the incidence of cancer. Second, some people who can not accept the above view move to the other extreme, namely blindly trying to detect all carcinogens as mutagens, thus abusing the mutagenicity assay and many unscientific examples . The above two issues are discussed separately from the experimental aspect and the conceptual aspect as follows: