众所周知 ,在现代管理学中 ,所谓领导是指一种指挥、命令和影响、引导下属的能力与活动。因此 ,根据领导者控制或影响被领导者方式的不同 ,美国管理学者坦南鲍姆 (Robert Tonnenbaum)和施米特 (Warren H.Schmidt)把领导方式划分为集权型、民主型和放任型三种。集权型领导是指领 As we all know, in modern management science, the so-called leadership refers to a command, command and influence, to guide subordinates ability and activity. Therefore, according to the different ways in which the leaders control or are influenced by the leaders, American management scholars Robert Tonnenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt classify the leadership as centralized, democratic and laissez-faire Species. Centralized leadership refers to the collar