为了得到优良的催化剂,必须注意选择催化活性优良的物质,还要注意解决催化剂的制备方法,使它处在有利于发挥催化活性的物理化学状态。原则上具有未充满的d-电子和f-电子的元素都具有催化性质。贵金属的催化性质在同一周期中随元素的电子数增加而增加,在同一族中随原子序数的增加而增加,如表1所示的顺序。实践证明,贵金属及其合金的片、丝、粉、海绵、胶体和载体分散状态都具有催化 In order to obtain a good catalyst, care must be taken to select a substance that is superior in catalytic activity, and also to address the catalyst preparation method so that it is in a physicochemical state that is conducive to its catalytic activity. In principle, both under-filled d-electrons and f-electrons have catalytic properties. The catalytic properties of noble metals in the same cycle with the increase of the number of elements of the electron increases in the same family with atomic number increases, as shown in Table 1 shows the order. Practice has proved that the noble metal and its alloy sheet, silk, powder, sponge, colloidal and carrier dispersed state has a catalytic