一、导言 科学素养(Seientific Literacy)一词早在本世纪初就出现了。但是,直到第二次世界大战后,学术界才有了更多的机会来讨论和研究这个问题。由于各国的社会观念、文化、政治、经济和其他各种因素的不同,他们对科学素养内涵的理解也不同。有人认为,科学素养是科学知识,这种科学知识可以是某一领域的知识,也可以是综合科学知识;有人 I. INTRODUCTION The term Scientific Literacy emerged as early as the beginning of this century. However, it was not until after World War II that the academic community had more opportunities to discuss and study this issue. Due to the different social conceptions, cultures, politics, economy and other factors in various countries, their understanding of the connotation of scientific literacy is also different. Some people think that scientific literacy is scientific knowledge, which can be a field of knowledge, it can be a comprehensive scientific knowledge; someone