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一部分由名词性语素与「ない」构成的词在意义上与短语“名词+「が」+「ない」”相似,因此,历来的研究往往忽视两者句法功能的不同。笔者收集了词典中的「~ない」型复合形容词,通过语料库调查和用例分析发现,其句法功能分布不平衡的特征表明了复合词与短语的互补性及词汇否定与句法否定的连续性。「~ない」型复合形容词在极性方面具有不对称性的特征,既无对应的肯定形式,又极少使用否定形式,处于一种中立的状态。
Some words composed of nominal morphemes and “na い” are similar in meaning to the phrase “noun + ga が + na na い.” Therefore, the historical research often neglects the difference in the syntactic functions of the two. In the corpus survey and case study, we found that the features of the unbalanced distribution of syntactic functions indicate the complementarity of compound words and phrases and the continuity of negative words and negative syntactic sentences. The characteristics of “~ na い” compound adjectives, which are asymmetric in terms of polarity, have neither a positive affirmative nor a negative form and are in a neutral state.