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基于长期定位施肥试验,研究了不同施肥对冬小麦生长、产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明:不同施肥均能促进冬小麦株高、叶面积、生物量的增长,株高、叶面积、生物量均为:单施氮肥处理(N)高于不施肥处理(CK),氮磷配施处理(NP)显著高于CK和N处理,三个有机肥处理(M、NM和NPM)均较高。不同施肥对冬小麦光合速率影响显著,NPM处理的光合速率在各个生育期均最高;其次分别为NM处理和NP处理,而M处理在前期较高,后期下降较快,N和CK处理均较低。不同施肥处理小麦产量:NPM>NM>M>NP>N>CK,不同施肥均能显著增加小麦产量(增产量为341～4388kg/hm2),除M和NM处理,其他处理均有显著差异;冬小麦耗水量和水分利用效率均随施肥水平提高而增加,NPM和NP处理显著高于N和CK处理。表明在本试验年单施氮肥对小麦生长及产量影响较小,单施有机肥及不同肥料配施均能显著促进小麦生长及产量提高,有机肥的增产效应显著高于无机肥,其中NPM处理的产量及水分利用效率均最高。
Based on the long-term fertilization experiment, the effects of different fertilization on the growth, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat were studied. The results showed that: All fertilizers promoted the growth of plant height, leaf area and biomass of winter wheat. The plant height, leaf area and biomass were as follows: single nitrogen application (N) was higher than no nitrogen application Application of NP was significantly higher than that of CK and N treatment, and three organic manure treatments (M, NM and NPM) were higher. The photosynthesis rate of winter wheat was significantly affected by different fertilization. The photosynthetic rate of NPM was the highest in all growth stages, followed by NM and NP, respectively. However, the treatments of M were earlier and later decreased rapidly, and N and CK treatments were lower . The yield of wheat under different fertilization treatments was NPM> NM> M> NP> N> CK. The yield of wheat increased by 341 ~ 4388 kg / hm ^ 2 with different fertilization, and the other treatments were significantly different except M and NM; The water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat increased with the increase of fertilization level. The NPM and NP treatments were significantly higher than those of N and CK treatments. The results showed that single application of N fertilizer had little effect on the growth and yield of wheat in this experiment. The application of organic manure and different fertilizers could significantly promote the growth and yield of wheat, and the yield increase of organic manure was significantly higher than that of inorganic manure. NPM treatment The highest yield and water use efficiency.